Ib, Taw qhia rau polyimide
Polyimide (PI) yog cov qauv molecular uas muaj imide-raws li cov saw txuas ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab heterocyclic polymer compounds, tam sim no yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm engineering plastics heat resistance, dav siv hauv aviation, aerospace, microelectronics, nano, kua siv lead ua, laser thiab lwm yam.
Tsis ntev los no, txhua lub teb chaws suav nrog kev tshawb fawb, kev tsim kho thiab kev siv PI nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, ib qho ntawm kev tsom mus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj tshiab. Polyimide, vim nws cov yam ntxwv zoo heev hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib txuas, muaj cov ntawv thov zoo, txawm tias yog cov khoom siv los yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm.
Polyimide yog lub npe hu ua lub sab saum toj ntawm lub pyramid ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer, tseem hu ua "cov teeb meem daws teeb meem", thiab txawm tias qee qhov kev lag luam sab hauv ntseeg tias "tsis muaj polyimide yuav tsis muaj niaj hnub no microelectronics technology".
2, Polyimide kev faib tawm thiab daim ntawv thov
Polyimides tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev siv vim lawv cov khoom zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom, xws li engineering plastics, fibers, photosensitive polyimides, foams, coatings, adhesives, films, aerogels, composites thiab ntau dua.
Ntawm ntau cov polymers, polyimide tsuas yog ib qho uas muaj ntau yam kev siv thiab qhia tau hais tias kev ua tau zoo ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv. Hauv qab no, kuv yuav coj koj los ntawm kev siv lub ntsiab ntawm txhua yam ntawm polyimide.
1.Engineering yas
Polyimide engineering yas muaj thermosetting thiab thermoplastic, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua poly tetramethylene tetracarbimide (PMMI), polyetherimide (PEI), polyamide an imide (PAI), thiab lwm yam, muaj lawv tus kheej siv hauv ntau qhov chaw.
PMMI nyob rau hauv 1.8MPa load kub distortion kub ntawm 360 degree, zoo heev hluav taws xob zog, yuav siv tau rau tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob ntawm precision qhov chaw, siab kub nws tus kheej -lubricating bearings, seals, blower impellers, thiab lwm yam., kuj yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog kua ammonia valve qhov chaw, dav hlau cav roj mov system qhov chaw.
PEI muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, irradiation tsis kam, kub tsis kam thiab xeb kuj, zoo yaj fluidity, molding shrinkage tus nqi ntawm 0.5% mus rau 0.7%, muaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj thiab extrusion moulding, ncej- ua haujlwm yog ib qho yooj yim, kuj tseem siv tau rau vuam txoj kev thiab lwm yam khoom siv ua ke hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. kev lag luam yog dav siv.
Lub zog ntawm PAI yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no uas tsis yog{0}} cov khoom siv dag zog, lub zog tensile yog 190MPa, lub zog dabtsi yog khoov yog 250MPa, thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub yog siab li 274℃nyob rau hauv qhov load ntawm 1.8MPa. PAI muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau ablation thiab electromagnetism nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntau zaus, thiab nws muaj cov khoom nplaum zoo rau cov hlau thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv, feem ntau yog siv rau cov iav, bearings thiab sib cais claws ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam. cov ntaub ntawv ntawm aircraft.
2.Polyimide fiber ntau
Polyimide fiber yog ib qho tseem ceeb siab -kev ua tau zoo fiber ntau, nws qhov kub thiab txias polyimide fiber yog tam sim no ib qho ntawm cov kub kub ntawm cov organic hluavtaws fibers, tuaj yeem siv ntawm 250 ~ 350 degree. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb tsis kam, dej nqus, tshav kub tsis kam thiab lwm yam ntawm aramid thiab polyphenylene sulfide fibers yog ntau superior piv rau lub siab -kev ua tau zoo polyimide fiber ntau zog tshaj lub aramid yog txog ib zaug siab dua qhov tam sim no mechanical kev ua tau zoo ntawm ib qho zoo tshaj plaws organic hluavtaws fibers. Nws yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws organic hluavtaws fibers nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm txhua yam khoom.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm qib siab - thev naus laus zis, cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm PI cov khoom tau xav tau ntau ntxiv. Cov khoom siv PI tsoos hauv kev siv tshuab, thermal thiab kho qhov muag, hluav taws xob, sib nqus thiab lwm yam kev ua tau zoo tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li niaj hnub kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom. PI siab -kev ua tau zoo fibers nrog nws cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws, kev ruaj ntseg kub, irradiation thiab lwm yam ntxwv yuav dhau los ua cov tiam tom ntej ntawm siab -kev ua tau zoo fibers cov neeg sawv cev.
Tam sim no, kev lag luam hauv tsev PI fiber ntau yog koom nrog Asxc, Hipolyking, Aieplastics, Jsshino thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, Hipolyking tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb polyimide, kev tsim kho thiab tsim khoom hauv Suav teb. Jsshino ib tug siab -kev ua tau zoo organic fiber nrog tag nrho cov kev ywj pheej kev txawj ntse txoj cai dhau qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm scientific thiab technological achievements nyob rau hauv 2016, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm coj tus thawj coj nyob rau hauv ua kom tiav cov formulation ntawm lub teb chaws tus qauv ntawm "siab- zog thiab siab-modulus polyimide 2020".
3.Photosensitive polyimide (PSPI)
Photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) yog ib chav kawm ntawm polymer saw ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib imide thiab photosensitive noob, txheej ntawm thermal stability zoo, zoo mechanical zog, tshuaj thiab yees duab khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv organic.
PSPI hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog photoresist thiab hluav taws xob ntim ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, hauv cov photosensitive polyimide ntxiv rau sensitiser, stabilizer, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem tau txais "polyimide photoresist". Piv nrog rau cov tsoos photoresist, vim hais tias cov polyimide nws tus kheej muaj zoo dielectric zog, yog li thaum siv tsis tas yuav tsum tau coated lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub nruab nrab ntawm lub teeb barrier tus neeg saib xyuas, yuav ua tau heev luv luv cov txheej txheem thiab txhim kho efficiency ntau lawm.
PSPI ntau lawm tshuab yog tsuas yog tswj los ntawm US thiab Nyiv tuam txhab uas muag, ntawm uas Toray yog ib tug ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev vam meej kev lag luam nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm zoo PSPI cov khoom, thiab nws cov khoom zoo yog siv nyob rau hauv microelectronics ntim, optoelectronics encapsulation thiab lwm yam teb.
Kev txwv los ntawm kev thim rov qab ntawm kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam polyimide tseem yuav ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab lwm yam khoom qis -kawg cov khoom kom stabilise, photosensitive polyimide ntau lawm yog tsawg, kev lag luam xav tau nyob ntawm imports. Nyob rau hauv 《Ua hauv Tuam Tshoj 2025 nthuav qhia txoj cai txhawb nqa, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam, tshuab, hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam kev lag luam tau nkag mus rau theem kev hloov pauv hauv tsev, kev lag luam hauv tsev rau PSPI txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, qee lub tuam txhab tau paub txog cov tshuab tsim khoom.
Tam sim no, qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm PSPI R & D, kev tsim cov lag luam hauv zos muaj Rayitek, MINSEOA Cov Khoom Siv Zoo Tshaj Plaws, Guofeng Cov Khoom Tshiab, Zaj -chen, thiab lwm yam, yav tom ntej ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev hloov chaw hauv tsev.
4.Polyimide ua npuas ncauj
Polyimide ua npuas ncauj yog ib hom khoom siv polyimide, thawj zaug tsim nyob rau xyoo 1970 los ntawm NASA Langley Research Center hauv kev koom tes nrog Unitika America, siv rau ntawm Chaw Shuttle, thiab tam sim no tau siv dav hauv dav hlau, nkoj, tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb thiab lwm yam. Nws nrog cov nplaim hluav taws kub nyhiab, tshav kub- tiv taus, lub teeb yuag thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg tsis yog- cov yam ntxwv lom, thiab tuaj yeem siv tau ntev nyob rau hauv ultra- kub, ultra- tsis kub, siab ntsev tsuag, muaj suab nrov, muaj zog corrosion, muaj zog hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam huab cua.
Polyimide ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg:
Raws li tib yam ntawm feem ntau polyimide, cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj nrog ib qho nruab nrab raws li cov saw tseem ceeb, nrog kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm 300℃lossis ntau dua (PI ua npuas ncauj).
Cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj uas lub nplhaib nruab nrab muaj nyob ua ib pawg sab (PMI ua npuas ncauj).
Nano- cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj tau txais los ntawm kev qhia cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis ruaj tsis khov rau hauv polyimide thiab tawg rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Polyimide ua npuas ncauj yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab heev, tau siv ntau dua hauv aerospace, kev thauj mus los hauv dej hiav txwv, kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws thiab microelectronics thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm siab - thev naus laus zis hauv tshav kub rwb thaiv tsev, kev vibration thiab suab nrov txo thiab rwb thaiv tsev thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm PI ua npuas ncauj yog rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab suab nrov txo cov khoom siv rau cov nkoj. PI ua npuas ncauj ua thawj qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab cov khoom siv suab nrov txo hauv cov nkoj tshiab tau nce sai.
PMI ua npuas ncauj yog ib yam tshiab ntawm high molecular qauv ua npuas ncauj cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev ua tau zoo, uas yog ib tug siab - kev ua tau zoo ua npuas ncauj core cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb, siab tshwj xeeb modulus, siab kaw tus nqi thiab siab kub kuj, thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb yuag, siab zog thiab siab / tsis kub tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ua npuas ncauj, PMI ua npuas ncauj yog siv dav hauv cov kiv cua, dav hlau dav hlau, dav hlau thiab lwm qhov chaw, thiab nws cov kev hloov pauv rau PET ua npuas ncauj yog qhov tseeb, nrog rau qhov chaw dav dav.
PI ua npuas ncauj yog cua sov- tiv taus, nplaim taws- retardant, tsis tsim cov pa phem, yooj yim rau nruab, yog dav siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov suab nrov txo. Tam sim no, US Navy tau siv PI ua npuas ncauj ua cov khoom siv thermal thiab acoustic rwb thaiv tsev rau tag nrho cov nkoj ntog thiab submarines, thiab SOLIMIDE npuas tsim los ntawm INSPEC tau siv los ntawm ntau tshaj 15 lub teb chaws los tsim cov thermal thiab acoustic rwb thaiv tsev rau cov nkoj nkoj. Tsis tas li ntawd, PI ua npuas ncauj kuj tau siv dav hauv cov nkoj pej xeem, xws li cov khoom kim heev cruise ships, speedboats thiab liquefied natural gas ships.
Zoo ib yam li PI ua npuas ncauj, daim ntawv thov ntawm PMI ua npuas ncauj kuj yog dav heev.Kev siv ntawm PMI ua npuas ncauj muaj xws li:
(1) Cov khoom siv ua npuas ncauj: zoo heev tiv taus siab - kub compression, yog li nws tau dav siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau cov kiv cua, aviation, aerospace, nkoj, khoom siv ua kis las, khoom siv kho mob thiab lwm yam haujlwm;
(2) Broadband yoj- cov ntaub ntawv pob tshab: tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua thiab poob ua rau nws siv dav hauv radar, kav hlau txais xov thiab lwm yam;
(3) cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab suab nrov: siab -cov tsheb loj, log tsheb, suab thiab lwm yam.
Txij li thaum xyoo pua 21st, tus naj npawb ntawm cov koom haum koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm polyimide ua npuas ncauj hauv Suav teb tau loj hlob, thiab kev lag luam tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Tam sim no, cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm polyimide ua npuas ncauj yog Qingdao Ouc, Shkdchem thiab Tschina, Zgzts thiab AMMT. Ntawm lawv, Ningbo Institute of Materials Tachnology & Engineering, CAS tau tsim cov khoom siv polyimide microfoam hais, Qingdao Ouc thiab Shkdchem polyimide cov khoom dhau los ntawm kev ua tub rog.
5.Polyimidecoating
Kev siv cov polyimide hauv kev npaj cov txheej txheem yog ib qho ntawm nws cov kev siv ntxov tshaj plaws, thiab cov khoom siv no feem ntau yog siv los ua cov txheej txheej insulating rau cov xov hlau hauv cov txheej txheej. Enamelled hlau insulating txheej yog tsuas yog dip-coated round hlau, ca hlau thiab lwm yam hlau inch liab qab tooj liab hlau, hlau alloy thiab iav hlau qhwv hlau txheej txheej, txhim kho thiab stabilize txheej txheej ntawm enamelled hlau.
Ib qho tseem ceeb indexes ntawm insulating txheej yog tshav kub- qib resistant, raws li 1954 International Electrotechnical Association ICE-85 lub cev muaj zog thiab hluav taws xob insulating cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev siv cov thermal stability grading qauv, insulating cov ntaub ntawv muab faib ua xya kub-resistant qib.
Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum muaj peev xwm mus txog 180-200℃nws mus rau qhov kub siab dua rau kev ua haujlwm ntev-, tab sis tsis muaj qhov hnyav hnyav thiab hluav taws xob txo qis, thiab tswj tau qhov elasticity zoo, noo noo, ozone, arc tsis kam thiab lwm yam khoom. Polyimide cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov kev siv no, los npaj F-chav kawm thiab saum toj no cov cua sov- tiv taus qib rwb thaiv tsev txheej, polyimide tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kua roj vanish rau cov hlau nplaum hluav taws xob, lossis ua cov txheej txheem kub siv.