Ib, Taw qhia rau polyimide
Polyimide (PI) yog cov qauv molecular uas muaj imide-raws li cov saw txuas ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab heterocyclic polymer tebchaw, tam sim no yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws ntawm engineering plastics tshav kub tsis kam, dav siv hauv aviation, aerospace, microelectronics, nano, kua siv lead ua, laser thiab lwm yam. teb.
Tsis ntev los no, txhua lub teb chaws suav nrog kev tshawb fawb, kev tsim kho thiab kev siv PI nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, yog ib qho ntawm kev tsom mus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj tshiab. Polyimide, vim nws cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib txuas, muaj qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv thov, txawm tias yog cov khoom siv los yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm.
Polyimide yog lub npe hu ua sab saum toj ntawm lub pyramid ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer, tseem hu ua "cov teeb meem daws teeb meem", thiab txawm tias qee tus neeg sab hauv kev lag luam ntseeg tias "tsis muaj polyimide yuav tsis muaj niaj hnub no microelectronics technology".
2, Polyimide kev faib tawm thiab daim ntawv thov
Polyimides tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau yam kev siv vim lawv cov khoom zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom, xws li engineering plastics, fibers, photosensitive polyimides, foams, coatings, adhesives, films, aerogels, composites thiab ntau dua.
Ntawm ntau cov polymers, polyimide tsuas yog ib qho uas muaj ntau yam kev siv thiab qhia tau hais tias kev ua tau zoo ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv. Hauv qab no, kuv yuav coj koj los ntawm kev siv lub ntsiab ntawm txhua yam ntawm polyimide.
1.Engineering yas
Polyimide engineering yas muaj thermosetting thiab thermoplastic, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua poly tetramethylene tetracarbimide (PMMI), polyetherimide (PEI), polyamide an imide (PAI), thiab lwm yam, muaj lawv tus kheej siv hauv ntau qhov chaw.
PMMI nyob rau hauv 1.8MPa load kub distortion kub ntawm 360 degree, zoo heev hluav taws xob zog, yuav siv tau rau tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob ntawm precision qhov chaw, kub self-lubricating bearings, seals, blower impellers, thiab lwm yam., kuj yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog kua ammonia. valve qhov chaw, dav hlau cav roj mov system qhov chaw.
PEI muaj cov khoom siv zoo heev, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, irradiation tsis kam, kub tsis kam thiab xeb kuj, zoo yaj fluidity, molding shrinkage tus nqi ntawm {{0}}}.5% mus rau 0.7%, muaj rau txhaj thiab extrusion molding , tom qab ua tiav yog ib qho yooj yim, kuj tuaj yeem siv rau vuam txoj kev thiab lwm yam khoom siv ua ke hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, aviation, tsheb, khoom siv kho mob thiab lwm yam kev lag luam tau dav siv.
Lub zog ntawm PAI yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov yas uas tsis muaj zog tam sim no, lub zog tensile yog 190MPa, lub zog dabtsi yog khoov yog 250MPa, thiab qhov kub thiab txias distortion yog siab li 274 degree nyob rau hauv lub load ntawm 1.8MPa. PAI muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau ablation thiab electromagnetism nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntau zaus, thiab nws muaj cov khoom nplaum zoo rau cov hlau thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv, feem ntau yog siv rau lub zog, bearings thiab sib cais claws ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam, thiab nws tuaj yeem siv rau nws. yog tsuas yog siv rau lub zog, bearings thiab sib cais claws ntawm photocopiers, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj yuav siv tau rau ablative cov ntaub ntawv, magnetically permeable cov ntaub ntawv thiab structural ntaub ntawv ntawm aircraft.
2. Polyimide fiber ntau
Polyimide fiber ntau yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo fiber ntau, nws qhov kub thiab txias polyimide fiber yog tam sim no ib qho ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov organic hluavtaws fibers, tuaj yeem siv ntawm 250 ~ 350 degree. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb tsis kam, dej nqus, kub tsis kam thiab lwm yam ntawm aramid thiab polyphenylene sulfide fibers yog ntau superior piv rau cov high-kev ua tau zoo polyimide fiber ntau zog tshaj lub aramid yog hais txog ib zaug siab dua qhov tam sim no mechanical kev ua tau zoo ntawm ib qho ntawm cov organic zoo tshaj plaws. hluavtaws fibers. Nws yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws organic hluavtaws fibers nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm txhua yam khoom.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm high-tech teb, lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm PI khoom yog nce xav tau. Cov khoom siv PI tsoos hauv kev siv tshuab, thermal thiab kho qhov muag, hluav taws xob, sib nqus thiab lwm yam kev ua tau zoo tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li niaj hnub kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom. PI high-performance fibers nrog nws superior txhua yam khoom, tshav kub stability, irradiation thiab lwm yam ntxwv yuav dhau los ua tiam tom ntej ntawm high-kev ua tau zoo fibers raug neeg sawv cev.
Tam sim no, kev lag luam hauv tsev PI fiber ntau yog koom nrog Asxc, Hipolyking, Aieplastics, Jsshino thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, Hipolyking tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb polyimide, kev loj hlob thiab ntau lawm hauv Suav teb. Jsshino ib qho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov organic fiber ntau nrog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txawj ntse muaj cai dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv xyoo 2016, thiab tib lub sijhawm coj tus thawj coj hauv kev ua tiav cov qauv ntawm lub teb chaws tus qauv ntawm "high-strength thiab high-modulus polyimide. filament" hauv 2020.
3.Photosensitive polyimide (PSPI)
Photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) yog ib chav kawm ntawm polymer saw ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib imide thiab photosensitive noob, txheej ntawm thermal stability zoo, zoo mechanical zog, tshuaj thiab yees duab khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv organic.
PSPI hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog photoresist thiab hluav taws xob ntim ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, nyob rau hauv photosensitive polyimide ntxiv rau sensitiser, stabilizer, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem tau txais "polyimide photoresist". Piv nrog rau cov tsoos photoresist, vim hais tias cov polyimide nws tus kheej muaj zoo dielectric zog, yog li thaum siv tsis tas yuav tsum tau coated lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub nruab nrab ntawm lub teeb barrier tus neeg saib xyuas, yuav ua tau zoo heev shortening txheej txheem thiab txhim kho ntau lawm efficiency.
PSPI ntau lawm tshuab yog tsuas yog tswj los ntawm US thiab Nyiv tuam txhab uas muag, ntawm uas Toray yog ib tug ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev vam meej kev lag luam nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm zoo PSPI cov khoom, thiab nws cov khoom zoo yog siv nyob rau hauv microelectronics ntim, optoelectronics encapsulation thiab lwm yam teb.
Kev txwv los ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm kev siv tshuab ntau lawm, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam polyimide tseem yuav ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab lwm yam khoom siv qis kom ruaj khov, photosensitive polyimide ntau lawm tsawg, kev lag luam xav tau nyob ntawm kev xa khoom. Nyob rau hauv 《Ua hauv Tuam Tshoj 2025 nthuav qhia txoj cai txhawb nqa, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam, tshuab, hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam kev lag luam tau nkag mus rau theem kev hloov pauv hauv tsev, kev lag luam hauv tsev rau PSPI txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, qee lub tuam txhab tau paub txog cov tshuab tsim khoom.
Tam sim no, lub layout ntawm PSPI R & D, zus tau tej cov chaw lag luam hauv zos muaj Rayitek, MINSEOA Advanced Material, Guofeng New Materials, Dragon-chen, thiab lwm yam, lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub teb ntawm domestic hloov chaw.
4.Polyimide ua npuas ncauj
Polyimide ua npuas ncauj yog ib hom khoom siv polyimide, thawj zaug tsim nyob rau xyoo 1970 los ntawm NASA Langley Research Center hauv kev koom tes nrog Unitika America, siv rau ntawm Chaw Shuttle, thiab tam sim no tau siv dav hauv dav hlau, nkoj, tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb thiab lwm yam. Nws nrog cov nplaim hluav taws kub nyhiab, kub-tiv taus, lub teeb yuag thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv ultra-siab kub, ultra-siab kub, siab ntsev tsuag, muaj suab nrov, muaj zog corrosion, muaj zog tawg. thiab lwm yam kev mob hnyav ntawm kev pabcuam.
Polyimide ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg:
Raws li tib yam ntawm feem ntau polyimide, cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj nrog ib qho nruab nrab raws li cov saw tseem ceeb, nrog kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm 300 degree lossis ntau dua (PI ua npuas ncauj).
Cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj uas lub nplhaib nruab nrab muaj nyob ua ib pawg sab (PMI ua npuas ncauj).
Nano-foam cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm kev qhia thermally unstable fatty chain segments rau hauv polyimide thiab tawg lawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Polyimide ua npuas ncauj yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab heev, tau siv ntau dua hauv aerospace, kev thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv, kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws thiab microelectronics thiab lwm yam khoom siv high-tech hauv tshav kub rwb thaiv tsev, kev vibration thiab suab nrov txo thiab rwb thaiv tsev thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm PI ua npuas ncauj yog rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab suab nrov txo cov khoom siv rau cov nkoj. PI ua npuas ncauj ua thawj qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab cov khoom siv suab nrov txo hauv cov nkoj tshiab tau nce sai.
PMI ua npuas ncauj yog ib yam tshiab ntawm high molecular qauv ua npuas ncauj cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev ua tau zoo, uas yog ib tug high-kev ua tau zoo ua npuas ncauj core cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb, siab tshwj xeeb modulus, siab kaw tus nqi thiab siab kub tsis kam, thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb yuag, siab zog thiab siab / qis kub kuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv ua npuas ncauj, PMI ua npuas ncauj yog siv dav hauv cov kiv cua, lub dav hlau dav hlau, aerospace thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, thiab nws cov kev hloov pauv rau PET ua npuas ncauj yog qhov tseeb, nrog rau qhov chaw ua lag luam dav.
PI ua npuas ncauj yog kub-resistant, nplaim-retardant, tsis tsim teeb meem gases, yooj yim rau nruab, yog dav siv nyob rau hauv rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab suab nrov txo cov ntaub ntawv. Tam sim no, US Navy tau siv PI ua npuas ncauj ua cov khoom siv thermal thiab acoustic rwb thaiv tsev rau tag nrho cov nkoj nto thiab submarines, thiab SOLIMIDE npuas tsim los ntawm INSPEC tau siv los ntawm ntau tshaj 15 lub teb chaws los tsim cov thermal thiab acoustic rwb thaiv tsev rau cov nkoj nkoj. . Tsis tas li ntawd, PI ua npuas ncauj kuj tau siv dav hauv cov nkoj pej xeem, xws li cov khoom kim heev cruise ships, speedboats thiab liquefied natural gas ships.
Zoo ib yam li PI ua npuas ncauj, daim ntawv thov ntawm PMI ua npuas ncauj kuj yog dav heev.Kev siv ntawm PMI ua npuas ncauj muaj xws li:
(1) Cov khoom siv ua npuas ncauj: zoo heev tiv taus kub kub compression, yog li nws tau dav siv los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov kiv cua, aviation, aerospace, nkoj, khoom siv ua kis las, khoom siv kho mob thiab lwm yam haujlwm;
(2) Broadband yoj-pob tshab cov ntaub ntawv: tsis tshua muaj dielectric tas li thiab poob ua rau nws siv dav hauv radar, kav hlau txais xov thiab lwm yam;
(3) cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab suab nrov: kev kub ceev locomotives, log tsheb, suab thiab lwm yam.
Txij li thaum xyoo pua 21st, tus naj npawb ntawm cov koom haum koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm polyimide ua npuas ncauj hauv Suav teb tau nce zuj zus, thiab kev lag luam tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Tam sim no, cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm polyimide ua npuas ncauj yog Qingdao Ouc, Shkdchem thiab Tschina, Zgzts thiab AMMT. Ntawm lawv, Ningbo Institute of Materials Tachnology & Engineering, CAS tau tsim cov khoom siv polyimide microfoam hais, Qingdao Ouc thiab Shkdchem polyimide cov khoom dhau los ntawm kev ua tub rog.
5.Polyimidecoating
Kev siv cov polyimide hauv kev npaj cov txheej txheem yog ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev siv ntxov tshaj plaws, thiab cov khoom siv no feem ntau yog siv los ua cov txheej txheej insulating rau cov xov hlau hauv cov txheej txheej. Enamelled hlau insulating coatings yog tsuas yog dip-coated round hlau, ca hlau thiab lwm yam hlau inch liab qab tooj liab hlau, hlau alloy hlau thiab iav hlau qhwv hlau txheej txheej, txhim kho thiab stabilize txheej txheej ntawm enamelled hlau.
Ib qho tseem ceeb indexes ntawm insulating txheej yog kub-resistant qib, raws li 1954 International Electrotechnical Association ICE-85 lub cev muaj zog thiab hluav taws xob insulating cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm thermal stability grading qauv, insulating cov ntaub ntawv muab faib ua xya tshav kub-resistant. qib.
Yuav kom ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev lag luam kev tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum muaj peev xwm 180-200 degree nws mus rau qhov kub siab dua rau kev ua haujlwm mus ntev, tab sis tsis muaj qhov hnyav hnyav thiab hluav taws xob txo qis, thiab tuav ib qho zoo elasticity, noo noo, ozone, arc kuj thiab lwm yam khoom. Polyimide cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev siv no, los npaj F-chav kawm thiab saum toj kawg nkaus cov qib hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, polyimide tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kua roj vanish rau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, lossis ua cov txheej txheem kub kub siv.